![]() ![]() Moreover, the original subject is being placed in the position of being asked to disclose information about a third party without that party’s consent. To “cold call” someone on sensitive topic issues places him or her in a potentially embarrassing situation, which should be avoided. For example, it would make a big difference whether the research involved extramarital affairs or substance use as opposed to family meal time routines or leisure activities. Consideration of minimal risk is likely to play an important role in IRB review of snowball recruitment procedures. A continuum of such influencing factors exists, however, and it is impossible to state precisely where justifiable persuasion ends and undue influence begins.įor example, what if a highly respected individual in the community (say a local elected official, teacher, member of the clergy, or tribal elder) provided the name of a potential contact? When the nominee is contacted, the person might be unduly influenced to participate in the project because of the stature of the nominator. Unjustifiable pressures usually occur when persons in positions of authority or commanding influence-especially where possible sanctions are involved- urge a course of action for a subject. ![]() This recruitment procedure is sometimes inappropriately labeled “cold calling.” The following excerpt from the Belmont Report regarding voluntariness compels IRBs to pay close attention to snowball recruitment procedures: For example, a researcher seeking to study patterns of informal leadership in a community may ask individuals to name others who are influential in a community. The method that minimizes risk would be the preferred choice. However, the protocol must include justification of the use of this method in the context of the study and target population. The use of currently enrolled research participants to recruit additional research participants (sometimes referred to as “the snowball sampling”) may be approved by the IRB under some circumstances. Snowball sampling is a recruitment technique in which research participants are asked to assist researchers in identifying other potential subjects. ![]()
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